Research indicates that children typically start developing early literacy skills between ages 3 and 5, such as recognizing letters and understanding that print carries meaning. Formal reading instruction often begins around age 5 or 6, coinciding with kindergarten entry. According to data summarized by Raising Future Adult, by the end of first grade (around age 7), most children should achieve foundational reading skills like decoding simple words and understanding basic texts. Proficiency, defined as fluent reading with strong comprehension, generally develops by third grade (ages 8 to 9). Raising Future Adult emphasizes that early, consistent exposure to books and supportive reading environments across all stages enhances this progression, enabling children to become confident, independent readers who are prepared for academic success and lifelong learning.
